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The Ars Almadel occupies an unusual position within the textual world later gathered under the title Lemegeton or Lesser Key of Solomon. Unlike the more notorious Goetia, the Almadel tradition is oriented principally toward angelic contact through a portable ritual altar, sacred names,…
This article retrieves the Lutheran category of Anfechtung as a resource for Christian theology at the point where psychological suffering becomes spiritually disorienting. Anfechtung names more than ordinary temptation: in Luther’s usage it can encompass assault, trial, terror, accusation, divine hiddenness, despair, and…
This article examines the pre-existence of souls as a problem in Christian theological anthropology and proposes a Christ-centred alternative that distinguishes the divine source of human life from the pre-existence of individual human persons. Origen is frequently associated with the view that rational…
Valentinian Christianity remains one of the most sophisticated and contested forms of second-century Christian thought. Its cosmological language - Pleroma, aeons, Sophia, Demiurge, spiritual seed, and bridal chamber - has often been compressed into a simple story of a fallen Wisdom and an…
Modern Theosophy emerged in the late nineteenth century at the intersection of Spiritualism, comparative religion, evolutionary speculation, colonial knowledge, and dissatisfaction with both dogmatic Christianity and reductive materialism. This article offers a historically grounded and critically balanced account of the movement founded in…
Generative artificial intelligence has moved from a specialised technical instrument into an everyday conversational presence. People now ask AI systems for moral advice, biblical interpretation, prayer, vocational guidance, emotional reassurance, and answers to questions of meaning. This article examines the transfer of spiritual…
When Christians call a gathering or movement a revival, they do more than report heightened religious activity. They attribute unusual agency to God, claim that this agency can be known, participate in shaping the movement through the act of naming it, and distribute…
The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit, sometimes called the Gospel of the Egyptians, is one of the most complex surviving texts associated with ancient Gnostic tradition. Preserved in two Coptic witnesses in Nag Hammadi Codices III and IV, the work combines…
This article asks how Wesleyan-Holiness theology can account for sustained recovery without spiritualizing substance use disorder or reducing recovery to abstinence and clinical stabilization. Using Richard Osmer’s four practical-theological tasks, it places addiction medicine and recovery research in disciplined dialogue with Scripture and…
Christian influence is commonly measured by reach, access, authority, or institutional success. Scripture subjects it to a more demanding judgment. Jesus places authority beneath the cross, the pastoral epistles test leadership through observable character, and the fruit of the Spirit reveals whether public…
This article examines the contrasting styles and theological meanings of baptism in the Books of Jeu and in contemporary Christian practice. Preserved in the Coptic Bruce Codex, the Books of Jeu present a distinctive late ancient Christian ritual system in which Jesus directs…
The Books of Jeu, preserved in the Coptic Bruce Codex, present one of the most unusual ritual worlds to survive from late ancient Christianity. Rather than offering a narrative gospel or a collection of moral teachings, these texts depict the risen Jesus as…