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This article examines the pre-existence of souls as a problem in Christian theological anthropology and proposes a Christ-centred alternative that distinguishes the divine source of human life from the pre-existence of individual human persons. Origen is frequently associated with the view that rational…
This article examines the transformation of personified Death from the Late Bronze Age religious world of Ugarit to later Jewish, Islamic, European, and Mexican traditions. It does not argue for a direct genealogical line from the Ugaritic deity Mot to the later Angel…
The eternal destiny of those who lived and died without hearing the Christian gospel remains one of the most difficult questions in Christian theology. The problem concerns people whose historical, cultural, or geographical circumstances made direct knowledge of Jesus Christ impossible. Can a…
This article examines the central conceptual difficulty of dyothelite Christology: how Jesus Christ can possess two complete natural wills, divine and human, without becoming two agents or a psychologically divided person. Building on the definition of the Third Council of Constantinople, the anthropology…
This paper examines a persistent problem in Christian philosophical theology: if redeemed human beings remain genuinely free in the final state yet no longer sin, why did God not create humanity in that perfected condition from the beginning? The study challenges the assumption…
This article develops a theological account of attention as a central dimension of Christian discipleship and spiritual formation. It argues that attention is neither psychologically neutral nor merely a matter of personal productivity, but a moral and spiritual practice through which human desire,…