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This article examines the historical transformation of Asmodeus across Iranian, Jewish, Christian, and early modern European religious literature. Beginning with the possible relationship between the Zoroastrian figure Aēšma and the demon Asmodeus in the Book of Tobit, it traces the development of the…
Merkavah mysticism occupies a complex position between biblical visions of divine sovereignty, apocalyptic journeys into heaven, rabbinic restrictions on speculative teaching, and the elaborate heavenly palaces described in late antique Jewish literature. This article examines the historical and theological development of Merkavah traditions…
The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit, sometimes called the Gospel of the Egyptians, is one of the most complex surviving texts associated with ancient Gnostic tradition. Preserved in two Coptic witnesses in Nag Hammadi Codices III and IV, the work combines…
This article examines the transformation of personified Death from the Late Bronze Age religious world of Ugarit to later Jewish, Islamic, European, and Mexican traditions. It does not argue for a direct genealogical line from the Ugaritic deity Mot to the later Angel…
This article explores the rise of the first urban Christian churches in Corinth during the height of the Roman Empire. It examines how Christianity emerged within one of the ancient world’s most cosmopolitan and commercially powerful cities, shaped by trade, migration, social inequality,…