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This article examines the pre-existence of souls as a problem in Christian theological anthropology and proposes a Christ-centred alternative that distinguishes the divine source of human life from the pre-existence of individual human persons. Origen is frequently associated with the view that rational…
The possibility of intelligent extraterrestrial life has moved from the margins of theological speculation into a subject of serious interdisciplinary discussion. Advances in astronomy, astrobiology, and the discovery of thousands of exoplanets have prompted renewed consideration of whether Christian theology possesses adequate conceptual…
This article examines artificial intelligence and consciousness from a Christian theological perspective. It distinguishes computational intelligence from subjective awareness and considers whether artificial systems could possess consciousness, personhood, moral agency, or spiritual identity. Drawing upon Christian anthropology, the biblical doctrine of the image…
This paper examines a persistent problem in Christian philosophical theology: if redeemed human beings remain genuinely free in the final state yet no longer sin, why did God not create humanity in that perfected condition from the beginning? The study challenges the assumption…