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This article argues that Christian theology should not understand science as a rival explanatory system but as a complementary mode of inquiry into created reality. Theology is concerned not only with historical doctrines or biblical interpretation, but with questions of ultimate reality, existence,…
Modern Theosophy emerged in the late nineteenth century at the intersection of Spiritualism, comparative religion, evolutionary speculation, colonial knowledge, and dissatisfaction with both dogmatic Christianity and reductive materialism. This article offers a historically grounded and critically balanced account of the movement founded in…
This article examines early Georgian, Christian Palestinian Aramaic, and Geʽez biblical translation as forms of theological interpretation rather than as secondary witnesses to Greek and Latin Christianity. Each tradition emerged within a distinct cultural and ecclesial environment, yet all three demonstrate that translation…
This article examines the Carpocratians and the followers of Prodicus as heterodox micro-movements within second-century Christianity. Because neither community left a surviving body of literature in its own voice, their teachings must be reconstructed primarily from the hostile accounts of Irenaeus, Clement of…
Modern scholarship has rightly challenged simplified representations of early Christianity as a completely unified movement subjected to continuous, empire-wide persecution. Christian communities differed in theology, practice, authority, and textual tradition, while Roman responses to Christianity varied considerably across periods and regions. Nevertheless, critical…
This article examines artificial intelligence and consciousness from a Christian theological perspective. It distinguishes computational intelligence from subjective awareness and considers whether artificial systems could possess consciousness, personhood, moral agency, or spiritual identity. Drawing upon Christian anthropology, the biblical doctrine of the image…
Christian missiology has traditionally understood the "unreached" through earthly categories of geography, language, culture, political restriction, historical circumstance, and limited access to Christian proclamation. The possible expansion of human civilisation beyond Earth introduces a new theological frontier: cosmic geography. This study proposes astro-missiology…
The Nicolaitans, Jezebel, Balaam, and Spiritual Deception Introduction Throughout Christian history, believers have often focused on threats coming from outside the Church. Persecution, political opposition, cultural hostility, and social pressure have all challenged Christian faith. Yet the Book of Revelation reveals a different…