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Journal article

From Aēšma to Asmoday: The Transformation of Asmodeus from Iranian Demonology to Jewish Literature and Western Occult Tradition

Grace, Daniel J.

This article examines the historical transformation of Asmodeus across Iranian, Jewish, Christian, and early modern European religious literature. Beginning with the possible relationship between the Zoroastrian figure Aēšma and the demon Asmodeus in the Book of Tobit, it traces the development of the…

Early ChristianityView record
Working paper

The Almandel and the Problem of Angelic Mediation: Solomonic Attribution, Ritual Cosmology, and Christian Discernment in the Ars Almadel Tradition

Grace, Daniel J.

The Ars Almadel occupies an unusual position within the textual world later gathered under the title Lemegeton or Lesser Key of Solomon. Unlike the more notorious Goetia, the Almadel tradition is oriented principally toward angelic contact through a portable ritual altar, sacred names,…

Religious Traditions & TextsView record